In theory , based on the characteristic detection probability model of sar image , the ability of distinguishing two connected resolution unit and detecting point target is discussed firstly . then we do conclude that the high precision classification algorithms can build up based on pixel level , which combine three characteristics : the main characteristic ( the rcs statistical distribution ) , two assistant characteristics ( the shadow and structure model ) . secondly , the practical problems of the three pattern classification technologies ( statistical pattern recognition , neural network , fuzzy neural network ) for the sar image are analyzed 在此基础上，结合sar图像其它固有特性研究，提出了以rcs的统计分布特性作为主要特征，阴影和高分辨率条件下的区域结构特征作为提高分类精度的辅助特征，并将二者有机结合起来进行分类方法研究的思路；分析了统计模式识别、神经网络和模糊技术应用到sar图像地物分类中需要解决的实际问题；提出了在图像域对sar图像质量指标近似计算和分类率的具体评估方法。
The result of a discussion about the statistical distribution shows there are different distribution forms between the data errors and estimated parameters in non - linearity inversion . the precision of estimated bottom sound speed is well than the estimated bottom density . although there is a same data errors distribution in perturbative inversion , the distribution of each inverted eof coefficient is different 统计误差分布的讨论结果显示：在非线性反演方法中，数据空间误差分布与参数空间误差分布不相同，这种匹配方法估计的海底声速的准确性好于对密度估计的准确性；在扰动反演算法中，相同的数据误差分布条件下，反演的eof各项系数误差分布不同。
According to the problem of failure and instability in subgrade engineering , on the basis of inhomogeneous elastic damage model , in this paper fem back - analysis from instability - strength degradation is propose , which suggests that the material parameter obey statistical distribution and it is used to describe the inhomogeneity of material 摘要针对路基工程变形与失稳问题，本文提出了基于非均质弹性损伤模型的有限元失稳强度折减反分析法，认为材料参数服从统计分布，并以此来描述材料的非均匀性。
Blinking of the sers spectra and the poisson statistical distribution of the raman signal were observed . moreover spectral diffusion of raman shift with time was reported by the first time according to our knowledge , which could be due to the difference of interaction between varied single molecules and varied silver particles surface , for instance , due to the different adsorption states of dab molecules on the silver surface , which should be a powerful evidence for single molecule detection by sers 我们采用一种简单的方法，将含有dab分子的银胶体溶液滴在铝箔上，激发光聚焦在液滴上直接进行测量，观察到了分子sers信号的“ blinking ”现象，并首次报道了其sers拉曼频移随时间产生波动，这是由于个体分子和银纳米颗粒的相互作用及其在银纳米颗粒表面的l吸附状态不同而导致的。
The distribution and structure of the allelic polymorphism data are analyzed and it is pointed out that the distribution of allelic polymorphism data reveals the characteristic of closed data ( also named as compositional data or data of constant sum ) it is interpreted that the correlation structure of the allelic polymorphism data contains null correlations introduced by " closure " and the statistical distribution of the data is not normal because of its constant row sum , which resulted in great difficulties in analyzing the data with traditional multiple linear statistical methods such as principal component analysis , factor analysis , cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis 摘要长期以来，对于多维基因多态性数据的多元统计分析，如计算遗传距离时所用的聚类分析、分析群体遗传结构时所用的主成分分析、因子分析和典型相关分析等，一直应用为无约束条件数据而设计的经典多元线性分析方法，并没有注意基因多态性数据的“闭合效应”所带来的问题。
The sensitive index obtained by least - squared method sometimes can not be scientifically explained in terms of crop physiology . the phenomenon is related to the statistical distribution of experiment data in addition to the number of experiment treatment and water deficit level 受最小二乘法求优数学解的约束，在求解作物水分响应模型的敏感指标时常出现从作物生理和物理上难以科学解释的情况，这除与试验处理数量多少及缺水水平有关外，也与试验数据的统计分布有关。
According to the problem of failure and instability in roadbed and cutting engineering of underground karat cavity , on the basis of inhomogeneous elastic damage model , this thesis propose the fem back - analysis from instability - strength degradation , to describe inhomogeneity of material suppose that the material parameter obeys statistical distribution 摘要针对地下溶洞路床路堑工程变形与失稳问题，本文提出了基于非均质弹性损伤模型的有限元失稳强度折减反分析法，认为材料参数服从统计分布来描述材料的非均匀性。
In algorithms , classification algorithms are divided into two cases : one for known statistical distribution model and the other for unknown statistical distribution model . four classification algorithms , the bata - prime statistic model fusing quadratic gamma classifier , based on sar image rcs reconstruction and space position mode , on the mixed double hint layers rbfn ( mdhrbfn ) model and on the self - adapt fuzzy rbfn ( afrbfn ) model , are derived . the problems , including how to further improving the class ratio of the bayes decision , decreasing the dependence on the statistical model and directly providing the adapted algorithm with samples , are solved 提出了基于径向基函数神经网络( rbfn )的双隐层混合网络( mdhrbfn )模型，解决了标准神经网络在具体sar图像地物分类中分类类别数目不够和分类精度差的问题；提出了基于模糊推理系统的自适应模糊rbfn分类( afrbfn )模型，兼顾通用性与精确性，增强人机交互能力，进一步提高了算法分类率。
Abstract : the reflective characteristics of sea and sky background radiation , which have important effect on the infrared signature from flight vehicle above sea , are studied in the paper . the statistical distribution of wave facet directions is discussed , the effects of randomly riging and falling sea wave on the sea surface radiation and on the sun light reflection are also discussed . calculation methods of irradiance from sea surface radiation and reflected sun light on observation point are derived in the paper . finally a computation example is given , which shows the sea and sky background radiation has important effect on infrared characteristic especially in the front area of a flight vehicle 文摘:研究了对近海飞行体的红外特性有重要影响的海空背景辐射的反射特性.讨论了波浪面起伏随机规律，随机起伏对海面自身辐射及对阳光反射的影响，推演了此种随机起伏波浪面的自身辐射及反射的阳光在观测点形成的辐照度的计算方法.给出的算例结果表明，海空背景对飞行体的红外特性尤其对其前半球的红外特性有重要的意义
According to the characteristics of uwb standard channel models , we propose the concept of “ composite lognormal random variables ( rvs ) ” . based on this new concept , a new and precise approach is proposed to approximate the statistical distribution of lognormal rvs ’ sum , which places no restriction on the distributional parameters and correlation between the two branches . then , we 在此基础上,提出了一种新的对对数正态随机变量和的统计特性进行近似的方法,该方法对变量的分布参数和变量间的相关特性没有任何限制,且精度较已有方法有了进一步的提高。
